Cursor Object¶
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Cursor.
__enter__
()¶ The entry point for the cursor as a context manager. It returns itself.
Note
This method is an extension to the DB API definition.
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Cursor.
__exit__
()¶ The exit point for the cursor as a context manager. It closes the cursor.
Note
This method is an extension to the DB API definition.
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Cursor.
arraysize
¶ This read-write attribute specifies the number of rows to fetch at a time internally and is the default number of rows to fetch with the
fetchmany()
call. It defaults to 100 meaning to fetch 100 rows at a time. Note that this attribute can drastically affect the performance of a query since it directly affects the number of network round trips that need to be performed. This is the reason for setting it to 100 instead of the 1 that the DB API recommends.
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Cursor.
bindarraysize
¶ This read-write attribute specifies the number of rows to bind at a time and is used when creating variables via
setinputsizes()
orvar()
. It defaults to 1 meaning to bind a single row at a time.Note
The DB API definition does not define this attribute.
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Cursor.
arrayvar
(dataType, value[, size])¶ Create an array variable associated with the cursor of the given type and size and return a variable object. The value is either an integer specifying the number of elements to allocate or it is a list and the number of elements allocated is drawn from the size of the list. If the value is a list, the variable is also set with the contents of the list. If the size is not specified and the type is a string or binary, 4000 bytes is allocated. This is needed for passing arrays to PL/SQL (in cases where the list might be empty and the type cannot be determined automatically) or returning arrays from PL/SQL.
Note
The DB API definition does not define this method.
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Cursor.
bindnames
()¶ Return the list of bind variable names bound to the statement. Note that a statement must have been prepared first.
Note
The DB API definition does not define this method.
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Cursor.
bindvars
¶ This read-only attribute provides the bind variables used for the last execute. The value will be either a list or a dictionary depending on whether binding was done by position or name. Care should be taken when referencing this attribute. In particular, elements should not be removed or replaced.
Note
The DB API definition does not define this attribute.
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Cursor.
callfunc
(name, returnType, parameters=[], keywordParameters={})¶ Call a function with the given name. The return type is specified in the same notation as is required by
setinputsizes()
. The sequence of parameters must contain one entry for each parameter that the function expects. Any keyword parameters will be included after the positional parameters. The result of the call is the return value of the function.Note
The DB API definition does not define this method.
Note
If you intend to call
Cursor.setinputsizes()
on the cursor prior to making this call, then note that the first item in the parameter list refers to the return value of the function.
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Cursor.
callproc
(name, parameters=[], keywordParameters={})¶ Call a procedure with the given name. The sequence of parameters must contain one entry for each parameter that the procedure expects. The result of the call is a modified copy of the input sequence. Input parameters are left untouched; output and input/output parameters are replaced with possibly new values. Keyword parameters will be included after the positional parameters and are not returned as part of the output sequence.
Note
The DB API definition does not allow for keyword parameters.
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Cursor.
close
()¶ Close the cursor now, rather than whenever __del__ is called. The cursor will be unusable from this point forward; an Error exception will be raised if any operation is attempted with the cursor.
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Cursor.
connection
¶ This read-only attribute returns a reference to the connection object on which the cursor was created.
Note
This attribute is an extension to the DB API definition but it is mentioned in PEP 249 as an optional extension.
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Cursor.
description
¶ This read-only attribute is a sequence of 7-item sequences. Each of these sequences contains information describing one result column: (name, type, display_size, internal_size, precision, scale, null_ok). This attribute will be None for operations that do not return rows or if the cursor has not had an operation invoked via the
execute()
method yet.The type will be one of the type objects defined at the module level.
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Cursor.
execute
(statement, [parameters, ]**keywordParameters)¶ Execute a statement against the database. Parameters may be passed as a dictionary or sequence or as keyword parameters. If the parameters are a dictionary, the values will be bound by name and if the parameters are a sequence the values will be bound by position. Note that if the values are bound by position, the order of the variables is from left to right as they are encountered in the statement and SQL statements are processed differently than PL/SQL statements. For this reason, it is generally recommended to bind parameters by name instead of by position.
Parameters passed as a dictionary are name and value pairs. The name maps to the bind variable name used by the statement and the value maps to the Python value you wish bound to that bind variable.
A reference to the statement will be retained by the cursor. If None or the same string object is passed in again, the cursor will execute that statement again without performing a prepare or rebinding and redefining. This is most effective for algorithms where the same statement is used, but different parameters are bound to it (many times). Note that parameters that are not passed in during subsequent executions will retain the value passed in during the last execution that contained them.
For maximum efficiency when reusing an statement, it is best to use the
setinputsizes()
method to specify the parameter types and sizes ahead of time; in particular, None is assumed to be a string of length 1 so any values that are later bound as numbers or dates will raise a TypeError exception.If the statement is a query, the cursor is returned as a convenience to the caller (so it can be used directly as an iterator over the rows in the cursor); otherwise,
None
is returned.Note
The DB API definition does not define the return value of this method.
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Cursor.
executemany
(statement, parameters, batcherrors=False, arraydmlrowcounts=False)¶ Prepare a statement for execution against a database and then execute it against all parameter mappings or sequences found in the sequence parameters. The statement is managed in the same way as the
execute()
method manages it. If the size of the buffers allocated for any of the parameters exceeds 2 GB, you will receive the error “DPI-1015: array size of <n> is too large”, where <n> varies with the size of each element being allocated in the buffer. If you receive this error, decrease the number of elements in the sequence parameters.If there are no parameters, or parameters have previously been bound, the number of iterations can be specified as an integer instead of needing to provide a list of empty mappings or sequences.
When true, the batcherrors parameter enables batch error support within Oracle and ensures that the call succeeds even if an exception takes place in one or more of the sequence of parameters. The errors can then be retrieved using
getbatcherrors()
.When true, the arraydmlrowcounts parameter enables DML row counts to be retrieved from Oracle after the method has completed. The row counts can then be retrieved using
getarraydmlrowcounts()
.Both the batcherrors parameter and the arraydmlrowcounts parameter can only be true when executing an insert, update, delete or merge statement; in all other cases an error will be raised.
For maximum efficiency, it is best to use the
setinputsizes()
method to specify the parameter types and sizes ahead of time; in particular, None is assumed to be a string of length 1 so any values that are later bound as numbers or dates will raise a TypeError exception.
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Cursor.
executemanyprepared
(numIters)¶ Execute the previously prepared and bound statement the given number of times. The variables that are bound must have already been set to their desired value before this call is made. This method was designed for the case where optimal performance is required as it comes at the expense of compatibility with the DB API.
Note
The DB API definition does not define this method.
Deprecated since version 6.4: Use
executemany()
instead with None for the statement argument and an integer for the parameters argument.
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Cursor.
fetchall
()¶ Fetch all (remaining) rows of a query result, returning them as a list of tuples. An empty list is returned if no more rows are available. Note that the cursor’s arraysize attribute can affect the performance of this operation, as internally reads from the database are done in batches corresponding to the arraysize.
An exception is raised if the previous call to
execute()
did not produce any result set or no call was issued yet.
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Cursor.
fetchmany
([numRows=cursor.arraysize])¶ Fetch the next set of rows of a query result, returning a list of tuples. An empty list is returned if no more rows are available. Note that the cursor’s arraysize attribute can affect the performance of this operation.
The number of rows to fetch is specified by the parameter. If it is not given, the cursor’s arrysize attribute determines the number of rows to be fetched. If the number of rows available to be fetched is fewer than the amount requested, fewer rows will be returned.
An exception is raised if the previous call to
execute()
did not produce any result set or no call was issued yet.
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Cursor.
fetchone
()¶ Fetch the next row of a query result set, returning a single tuple or None when no more data is available.
An exception is raised if the previous call to
execute()
did not produce any result set or no call was issued yet.
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Cursor.
fetchraw
([numRows=cursor.arraysize])¶ Fetch the next set of rows of a query result into the internal buffers of the defined variables for the cursor. The number of rows actually fetched is returned. This method was designed for the case where optimal performance is required as it comes at the expense of compatibility with the DB API.
An exception is raised if the previous call to
execute()
did not produce any result set or no call was issued yet.Note
The DB API definition does not define this method.
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Cursor.
fetchvars
¶ This read-only attribute specifies the list of variables created for the last query that was executed on the cursor. Care should be taken when referencing this attribute. In particular, elements should not be removed or replaced.
Note
The DB API definition does not define this attribute.
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Cursor.
getarraydmlrowcounts
()¶ Retrieve the DML row counts after a call to
executemany()
with arraydmlrowcounts enabled. This will return a list of integers corresponding to the number of rows affected by the DML statement for each element of the array passed toexecutemany()
.Note
The DB API definition does not define this method and it is only available for Oracle 12.1 and higher.
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Cursor.
getbatcherrors
()¶ Retrieve the exceptions that took place after a call to
executemany()
with batcherors enabled. This will return a list of Error objects, one error for each iteration that failed. The offset can be determined by looking at the offset attribute of the error object.Note
The DB API definition does not define this method.
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Cursor.
getimplicitresults
()¶ Return a list of cursors which correspond to implicit results made available from a PL/SQL block or procedure without the use of OUT ref cursor parameters. The PL/SQL block or procedure opens the cursors and marks them for return to the client using the procedure dbms_sql.return_result. Cursors returned in this fashion should not be closed. They will be closed automatically by the parent cursor when it is closed. Closing the parent cursor will invalidate the cursors returned by this method.
New in version 5.3.
Note
The DB API definition does not define this method and it is only available for Oracle Database 12.1 (both client and server must be at this level or higher). It is most like the DB API method nextset(), but unlike that method (which requires that the next result set overwrite the current result set), this method returns cursors which can be fetched independently of each other.
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Cursor.
inputtypehandler
¶ This read-write attribute specifies a method called for each value that is bound to a statement executed on the cursor and overrides the attribute with the same name on the connection if specified. The method signature is handler(cursor, value, arraysize) and the return value is expected to be a variable object or None in which case a default variable object will be created. If this attribute is None, the value of the attribute with the same name on the connection is used.
Note
This attribute is an extension to the DB API definition.
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Cursor.
__iter__
()¶ Returns the cursor itself to be used as an iterator.
Note
This method is an extension to the DB API definition but it is mentioned in PEP 249 as an optional extension.
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Cursor.
outputtypehandler
¶ This read-write attribute specifies a method called for each column that is to be fetched from this cursor. The method signature is handler(cursor, name, defaultType, length, precision, scale) and the return value is expected to be a variable object or None in which case a default variable object will be created. If this attribute is None, the value of the attribute with the same name on the connection is used instead.
Note
This attribute is an extension to the DB API definition.
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Cursor.
parse
(statement)¶ This can be used to parse a statement without actually executing it (this step is done automatically by Oracle when a statement is executed).
Note
The DB API definition does not define this method.
Note
You can parse any DML or DDL statement. DDL statements are executed immediately and an implied commit takes place.
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Cursor.
prepare
(statement[, tag])¶ This can be used before a call to
execute()
to define the statement that will be executed. When this is done, the prepare phase will not be performed when the call toexecute()
is made with None or the same string object as the statement. If specified the statement will be returned to the statement cache with the given tag. See the Oracle documentation for more information about the statement cache.Note
The DB API definition does not define this method.
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Cursor.
rowcount
¶ This read-only attribute specifies the number of rows that have currently been fetched from the cursor (for select statements) or that have been affected by the operation (for insert, update and delete statements).
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Cursor.
rowfactory
¶ This read-write attribute specifies a method to call for each row that is retrieved from the database. Ordinarily a tuple is returned for each row but if this attribute is set, the method is called with the tuple that would normally be returned, and the result of the method is returned instead.
Note
The DB API definition does not define this attribute.
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Cursor.
scroll
(value=0, mode="relative")¶ Scroll the cursor in the result set to a new position according to the mode.
If mode is “relative” (the default value), the value is taken as an offset to the current position in the result set. If set to “absolute”, value states an absolute target position. If set to “first”, the cursor is positioned at the first row and if set to “last”, the cursor is set to the last row in the result set.
An error is raised if the mode is “relative” or “absolute” and the scroll operation would position the cursor outside of the result set.
New in version 5.3.
Note
This method is an extension to the DB API definition but it is mentioned in PEP 249 as an optional extension.
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Cursor.
scrollable
¶ This read-write boolean attribute specifies whether the cursor can be scrolled or not. By default, cursors are not scrollable, as the server resources and response times are greater than nonscrollable cursors. This attribute is checked and the corresponding mode set in Oracle when calling the method
execute()
.New in version 5.3.
Note
The DB API definition does not define this attribute.
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Cursor.
setinputsizes
(*args, **keywordArgs)¶ This can be used before a call to
execute()
,callfunc()
orcallproc()
to predefine memory areas for the operation’s parameters. Each parameter should be a type object corresponding to the input that will be used or it should be an integer specifying the maximum length of a string parameter. Use keyword parameters when binding by name and positional parameters when binding by position. The singleton None can be used as a parameter when using positional parameters to indicate that no space should be reserved for that position.Note
If you plan to use
callfunc()
then be aware that the first parameter in the list refers to the return value of the function.
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Cursor.
setoutputsize
(size[, column])¶ This method does nothing and is retained solely for compatibility with the DB API. The module automatically allocates as much space as needed to fetch LONG and LONG RAW columns (or CLOB as string and BLOB as bytes).
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Cursor.
statement
¶ This read-only attribute provides the string object that was previously prepared with
prepare()
or executed withexecute()
.Note
The DB API definition does not define this attribute.
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Cursor.
var
(dataType[, size, arraysize, inconverter, outconverter, typename, encodingErrors])¶ Create a variable with the specified charactistics. This method was designed for use with PL/SQL in/out variables where the length or type cannot be determined automatically from the Python object passed in or for use in input and output type handlers defined on cursors or connections.
The dataType parameter specifies the type of data that should be stored in the variable. This should be one of the types defined at the module level (such as
cx_Oracle.STRING
) or a Python type that cx_Oracle knows how to process (such as str) or an object type returned from the methodConnection.gettype()
.The size parameter specifies the length of string and raw variables and is ignored in all other cases. If not specified for string and raw variables, the value 4000 is used.
The arraysize parameter specifies the number of elements the variable will have. If not specified the bind array size (usually 1) is used. When a variable is created in an output type handler this parameter should be set to the cursor’s array size.
The inconverter and outconverter parameters specify methods used for converting values to/from the database. More information can be found in the section on variable objects.
The typename parameter specifies the name of a SQL object type and must be specified when using type
cx_Oracle.OBJECT
unless the type object was passed directly as the first parameter.The encodingErrors parameter specifies what should happen when decoding byte strings fetched from the database into strings (Python 3) or unicode objects (Python 2). It should be one of the values noted in the builtin decode function.
Note
The DB API definition does not define this method.